A Comprehensive Review of Alternative Fuels for Power Generation

Abstract

The accelerating urgency to mitigate climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels has positioned alternative fuels as a critical element in transitioning to a sustainable energy system. This review comprehensively investigates the landscape of alternative fuels, including biofuels, synthetic fuels, hydrogen, ammonia, and alcohol-based fuels, examining their production pathways, environmental benefits, technical challenges, and policy considerations. Emphasis is placed on recent advancements in conversion technologies, lifecycle emissions analysis, and the integration of alternative fuels in existing energy infrastructure. The review also discusses comparative performance and technoeconomic viability across sectors such as transportation, aviation, and power generation. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying key research gaps, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of alternative fuels in achieving global decarbonization goals.